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Crystal rods are the purest commercial form of hafnium available. They are produced using the van Arkel de Boer process, in which hafnium is deposited on a glow wire by thermal decomposition of hafnium iodide - with a very low zirconium content. Crystal rods are preferred for use in semiconductor technology and research.
Ingots are the standard industrial commercial form for pure hafnium. Hafnium ingots are preferably used in nuclear technology, in the production of high-performance alloys and as a starting material for further processing. They are suitable for processes that require defined quantities of material with a controlled zirconium content.
Hafnium powder is a versatile commercial form that is traded in two variants. Metallic hafnium powder is used in plasma technology and as a getter material in vacuum technology. Hafnium oxide powder (HfO₂) is used as a base material for high-k dielectrics in semiconductor production and for thermal protective coatings in turbine technology.
Hafnium sputtering targets are a process-specific commercial form for physical vapor deposition (PVD). Metallic hafnium targets are used to deposit thin hafnium layers, for example as an adhesive layer in coating technology.
This purity level is only available as a crystal rod and is the highest quality commercial material. The very low zirconium content is crucial for applications where reproducible material properties with tight tolerances are required - for example in semiconductor technology and research.
Also available as a crystal rod, this grade offers an economical alternative while maintaining a very low zirconium content. It is suitable for high-temperature alloys, plasma welding tips and demanding coating applications where ultra-low Zr is not absolutely necessary.
Lumpy material with a zirconium content below 1.0 % is the standard form for a wide range of industrial applications. These include alloying additions in superalloys for turbines and engines as well as nuclear applications where a Zr content in this range is tolerated.
TRADIUM provides customers from industry with suitable hafnium for nuclear technology, semiconductor production, high-temperature alloys as well as research and special applications - flexible, high-quality and reliably available thanks to a large stock.